In the 1870s German biologist Oskar Wilhelm August Hertwig became the first person to observe the process of fertilisation – the penetration of a sperm into an egg. Ten years later the first rubber diaphragm was developed which covered the cervix and created a barrier that prevented sperm from reaching the egg.
About 15 years after Ludwig Haberlandt began his pioneering research, American social reformer Margaret Sanger coined the term “birth control” and began her decades-long crusade to bring safe and effective contraception into the mainstream.
In 1919, Ludwig Haberlandt was able to demonstrate that when the ovaries of pregnant rabbits were transplanted into non-pregnant animals, ovulation was inhibited and therefore pregnancy was prevented. This was the first indication that hormonal contraception was a viable option.
In the 1920s the first intrauterine devices (IUDs) were developed in Germany. Initially, IUDs were made from various materials including silkworm intestines and silver. In the same decade, English reformer Marie Stopes opened birth control clinics and the diaphragm was first introduced in Australia. The first birth control clinic in Australia was opened in Sydney in 1933.
In 1938, Hans Herloff Inhoffen and Walter Hohlweg at Bayer Schering Pharma (then Schering) developed the first synthetic oestrogen (female sex hormone) – ethinyl estradiol – which remains the most effective and widely used oestrogen component in oral contraceptives today. The first oral progestin (a synthetic hormone that acts in a similar way to progesterone when administered orally and a common ingredient in modern contraceptive pills), was discovered by Inhoffen and Hohlweg in the same year.
In 1942, American chemist Russell Marker found that diosgenin, a compound extracted from the wild yam roots, Dioscorea, that grew in Mexico, could be efficiently manufactured into a progestin. Marker was able to achieve a reduction in the cost of producing synthetic progesterone (now called progestin) which provided other biologists with ready access to the hormone for experimentation.
In the early 1950s, Margaret Sanger introduced reproductive physiologist and leader in hormone research Gregory Pincus, to suffragist Katherine McCormick. McCormick provided financial support for developing a medicinal method of contraception. Both Sanger and McCormick continued to be central figures in the fight for birth control and were driven by a vision to help alleviate the misery that unwanted pregnancy can cause, particularly in poor and immigrant populations.
Pincus along with John Rock, an American gynaecologist from Harvard became a major developer of the Pill. However, because Massachusetts law banned the use of contraceptives, the first large-scale clinical trials of the modern-day Pill had to take place in Puerto Rico in 1956.
Australian Women Online
It’s not as though birth control didn’t exist before the pill. Condoms and diaphragms had been widely available since the 1840s. But no method was as simple and effective as the pill, which separated contraception from sex altogether. Women no longer had to conform to the stereotypical name of mother and wife: marriage and childbearing were disjunctured. This was great news for woman, but it was threatening to most men. It certainly changed relations in the bedroom: in psychology journals, prior to 1970, frigidity was listed as a major problem for women, but today, frigidity has practically vanished from the literature. It has been replaced by erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation, which were never considered problems before.
When sexual intercourse became shared and pregnancy became an option, the attitude however, shifted from child bearing to child rearing. The sexual revolution and feminism that unfolded in the sixties was in no small measure linked to the availability of the pill. The pill inaugurated our modern era of lifestyle drugs.
...A woman could also be sexually active and not worry about losing her job because of unplanned pregnancy. This also helped promote women in the workforce as the concept of birth control guaranteed a woman’s dedication to her job.
Kaieteur News
Contraception before The Pill --
интересный блог на вордпрессе, подписался
есть ссылка на книжку, где вводится саплай и деманд сайд, при этом Сэнгер -- саплай, противоположно тому, что мною отписано :)
глубоко копает: Revolutionary Conceptions traces that change in attitudes on family size to the era of the American Revolution. Americans were vowing not to be the slaves of Britain, they demanded liberty and independence. These ideas spread, not just among politicians, but among rich and poor, free and slave, men and women. Women came to seek equality in marriage, more options in life, and better treatment of children, especially daughters–goals that could be accomplished through family planning.... The story of birth control in America is not a story driven by technology–it’s a story driven by women’s desires to preserve their own health and family resources by investing more time and money into the care and raising of fewer children.
The Black Panthers concluded that contraception was only part of a wider design to decimate the black race.
After all, should a woman become pregnant, it is only fair that she not be "punished with a baby for that mistake", as President Obama has said.
источник = Latter Day Ministry
John Rock was so convinced he was right on this, he wrote a book about it and convinced many Catholics
Then out came Humanae Vitae that shook the Catholic world
One of the most powerful tools/instruments used by progressives (who have now taken control of the democrat party) is Planned Parenthood. Planned Parenthood receives federal funding.
Just in case you aren't familiar with Planned Parenthood, let me give you a quickie history lesson......and remember, the core values of Planned Parenthood advocate the continued use of abortion as a means of population control.
Margaret Sanger was the founder of Planned Parenthood. There is much published material by Ms. Sanger. She was a strong advocate for eugenics. Here are some of her writings:
On blacks, immigrants and indigents:
"...human weeds,' 'reckless breeders,' 'spawning... human beings who never should have been born." Margaret Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, referring to immigrants and poor people
On sterilization & racial purification:
Sanger believed that, for the purpose of racial "purification," couples should be rewarded who chose sterilization. Birth Control in America, The Career of Margaret Sanger, by David Kennedy, p. 117, quoting a 1923 Sanger speech.
On the right of married couples to bear children:
Couples should be required to submit applications to have a child, she wrote in her "Plan for Peace." Birth Control Review, April 1932
On the purpose of birth control:
The purpose in promoting birth control was "to create a race of thoroughbreds," she wrote in the Birth Control Review, Nov. 1921 (p. 2)
On motherhood:
"I cannot refrain from saying that women must come to recognize there is some function of womanhood other than being a child-bearing machine." What Every Girl Should Know, by Margaret Sanger (Max Maisel, Publisher, 1915) [Jesus said: "Daughters of Jerusalem, weep... for your children. For, behold, the days are coming, in which they shall say, Blessed (happy) are the barren, and the wombs that never bare, and the breasts which never gave suck." (Luke 23:24)]
"The most merciful thing that a large family does to one of its infant members is to kill it." Margaret Sanger, Women and the New Race (Eugenics Publ. Co., 1920, 1923)
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