Gold Man

Массовая миграция из Российской империи в США в конце XIX - начале XX века привела за океан разных людей, поспособствовала ухудшению образа России в Америке, но и обогатила собственно американскую общественную жизнь. Одной из самых ярких представителей этой волны была Эмма Гольдман (1869-1940), анархистка, феминистка, террористка, пацифистка, писательница, активистка рабочего движения, в конце концов высланная из США обратно в Россию - уже советскую, но не прижившуюся там.

Но обо всем по порядку.

Fraye Arbeter Shtime

The paper's initial years of publication were dogged with financial issues. Foremost, the core audience—impoverished workers—had little money. The paper suspended printing during a typesetter wage dispute beginning in May 1892. Later that year, Alexander Berkman's prominent assassination attempt on Henry Clay Frick divided the movement, as some anarchists left the movement to denounce all forms of terrorism. As the wage dispute came to a close nearly a year later, the United States entered an economic depression, the Panic of 1893. By April 1894, the Fraye Arbeter Shtime group again stopped production, ending an era of Jewish anarchism as the Pioneers of Liberty and other groups waned or went defunct.[10] In these dormant years, Fraye Arbeter Shtime editors assisted in the launch of the monthly Di Fraye Gezelshaft.[11]

Five years later, Fraye Arbeter Shtime revived publication in October 1899 and Jewish interest in anarchism rekindled with it.[12] Its new editor, Saul Yanovsky, would serve through 1919, a heyday for both the newspaper and the Jewish anarchist movement.[11] It was also a period of stability for the paper, with readership above 20,000 prior to World War I. Yanovsky's own column was popular for its wit, and he selected numerous talented writers with fresh views. Alongside Kropotkin, Most, and Solotaroff, the editor added Rudolf Rocker, Max Nettlau, Emma Goldman, Voltairine de Cleyre, and Abraham Frumkin. The paper ran translations of cultural works (e.g., Henrik Ibsen, Olive Schreiner, Oscar Wilde) and pieces by major Yiddish writers (e.g., Avrom Reyzen, H. Leivick). This selection made the paper both readable and alluring among Yiddish readers.[13] The movement had also drifted from the zealous 1880s and 1890s in which social revolution felt imminent and propaganda of the deed justified. Yanovsky turned against terrorism and regarded anarchism as a philosophy of brotherhood, cooperation, and dignity, and the paper took a piecemeal approach to reform, in favor of libertarian schools and cooperative unions. While the 1901 assassination of William McKinley by an anarchist roiled Yanovsky, Fraye Arbeter Shtime bore part of the fallout, as an angry mob trashed the paper's offices and physically attacked its editor. Additionally, anarchist Jews also tempered their antireligious confrontation to be less pronounced, and some took up Zionism after the Kishinev pogrom.[14]

Anarchy in the U.S.A.

‘Sasha and Emma,’ by Paul Avrich and Karen Avrich

новая книжка про им.порт и импорт.ёров анархии и террора в США, вышла недавно. Пол Аврич -- оч известный историк анархизма, одессит
реценция NYT

Саша и Эмма

Выступление Э. Голдман

the bullet from Berkman’s pistol . . . went straight through the heart of the Homestead strike. (рабочее движение США не пошло в сторону террора, а вот наше пошло: сначала индивидуального, потом массового, потом необоснованно массового, и никак не может с него свернуть)

непонятная фраза: Except for a brief period after Berkman’s release 14 years later, their sexual relationship ended, but they remained friends and comrades and maintained their — one can only call it love — for the rest of their lives.
(видимо отношения между ними были какой-то разновидностью постреволюционного БДСМ, мб, Тургенев-Виардо, только хуже)-- Berkman was a difficult man, kind to those close to him but constitutionally incapable of accepting authority

любопытно: Candace Falk, the director of the Emma Goldman Papers project

почти Вовочка: Berkman’s life. Born in 1870, the son of a wealthy merchant in Russia, he was inspired by the political ferment that resulted in the assassination of Czar Alexander II in 1881.

фактура: In 1919, after serving their sentences, Goldman and Berkman, neither of whom was an American citizen, were deported to Russia. Critical of the authoritarian Bolsheviks, they left the Soviet Union in 1921 and began years of exile in Europe, mostly in France. Berkman died in Nice in 1936, killing himself in response to continued ill health. Goldman, who had the opportunity to work with anarchist forces during the Spanish Civil War, died in Toronto in 1940.

When she petitioned to be allowed to enter the United States in 1934, her request was supported by Sherwood Anderson, John Dewey, Sinclair Lewis, Margaret Sanger, Eugene O’Neill and Dorothy Canfield Fisher. “Everyone is an anarchist who loves liberty and hates oppression,” Goldman declared during that visit. That would be pretty much everyone.