why 1934 ?

МС прибыла в СССР после голода 1933 года, летом 34-го.

По мнению Хлевнюка 1934 — сталинская оттепель (Эти сталинские повороты, во время которых достигались максимальные результаты, тоже внимательно рассмотрены в книге), которую сменил полутеррор после убийства Кирова (дек 34), и до самого 37 года было относительно тихо. 37 и 38 гг были годами внутреннего террора, чуть не треть з/к из ЦК.

Чем была вызвана эта оттепель?

• провалом социалистических преобразований сельского хозяйства,
• началом второй мировой войны (оккупация Маньчжурии Японией) и
• приходом к власти нацистов в Германии (30 января 1933 г - назначение Гитлера)

В результате Сталин решил переметнуться от сотрудничества с Германией на англо-французское и американское направление и разрядку напряжённости вообще, включая вступление в Лигу Наций (сентябрь 1934, до 14 декабря 1939, 5+ лет). Япония вышла из ЛН 27 марта 1933 года.
Об эту пору восстановили дип.отношения с Антантой, и надо было демонстрировать витрину социализма разным писателям и читателям, в т.ч. Сэнгер.

Svetlana

1936, год запрета аборта

for comparison only:

Born in 1926, Svetlana lived through the purges and the war...[умерла 22 ноября 2011 года]
In 1967, 14 years after Stalin’s death, Svetlana Alliluyeva created an international scandal by defecting to the United States, only to return to the Soviet Union in 1984, then run away again in 1986, each escape taut with cloak-and-dagger suspense worthy of any spy thriller.
She fell in love disastrously and often, had three children from three of her four failed marriages, published several books, made a million dollars, lost a million dollars, moved from home to home with the restlessness of a nomad, abandoning the past again and again, driven by eternal disquiet, “always leaving things all over the globe,” in the words of her younger daughter, Olga, before dying nearly destitute in Wisconsin, at the age of 85, under the anonymous name of Lana Peters. Olga scattered her ashes in the Pacific Ocean.

Sullivan is an eminent biographer, with books on Margaret Atwood [феминистка] and Theodore Roethke [поэт]
the young woman in a hospital contacting her father after a difficult labor only to receive an officious letter stating: “The state needs people, even those who are born prematurely”
In a rather chilling echo of Stalin’s abandonment of his oldest son, Alliluyeva abandoned her own children when she defected, at a time when her defection meant that their futures would most likely be destroyed, not to mention that she would probably never see them again. (In the end, when she did return 17 years later, her tense reunion with her son quickly led to a final estrangement, while her daughter refused to see her at all.)

STALIN’S DAUGHTER
The Extraordinary and Tumultuous Life of Svetlana Alliluyeva
By Rosemary Sullivan
Illustrated. 741 pp. Harper. $35.

Most Influential Women

на пинтересе
Women Who Made a Difference
magnificent women with heart and soul
про Сэнгер
Elaine M Gibson • 6 days ago
1879 - 1966
BIRTH-CONTROL ADVOCATE Sanger founded the American Birth Control League, which became Planned Parenthood. The sixth of 11 children — she felt that frequent pregnancies hastened her mother's early death — Sanger worked to give us control over the means of reproduction.

How foreign abortion bans hurt children

Children are in danger right now

With Memorial Day behind us and summer here, most kids in New York are finishing school or preparing for camp or dreaming of pools and extended playtime.

But this summer will be very, very different for one 10-year-old girl in Paraguay. Because she’s pregnant.

The girl’s doctors discovered the pregnancy after she complained of a stomachache. But despite the fact that the girl is 10 years old and that doctors have identified the pregnancy — the result of the girl being raped by her stepfather — as dangerous and high-risk, the Paraguayan government has refused her access to an abortion.

In Latin America and the Caribbean, seven countries ban abortion under all circumstances, even to save the life of the mother. Paraguay is not one of them. Even though the law of the land states that abortions are legal in instances that pose a significant threat to the health of the mother, the Paraguayan government continues to deny this child access to a potentially life-saving procedure. This constitutes a cruel denial of the girl’s basic human rights, tantamount to torture.

My grandmother, Margaret Sanger, founded the organizations that would become Planned Parenthood Federation of America and the International Planned Parenthood Federation — to provide education and services to men and women in an effort to end injustices like violence against women and enforced pregnancy. She believed that providing access to contraceptives and reproductive healthcare was integral in empowering women to fully engage and participate in their communities and live the lives they want. I followed in her footsteps and, as the head of Planned Parenthood New York City, heard from countless women who needlessly suffered before abortion became legal in New York.

Cases like this 10-year-old’s make it clear that that needless suffering hasn’t ended, especially if you look abroad. For instance, one out of every three women in Latin America is a mother before her 20th birthday. 20% of all adolescent pregnancies occur among girls younger than 15, and are often the result of sexual abuse within the family.

At IPPF Western Hemisphere Region clinics, we provide contraception and abortion services to women and girls who need them. What our clinic staff has seen firsthand is that blocking access to abortion and comprehensive reproductive health care doesn’t stop them from being needed, or even stop them from happening — it just keeps them from being safe. Due in large part to extensive abortion bans throughout the region, 95% of abortions in Latin America are performed in unsafe conditions that threaten the health and lives of women.

In fact, according to the World Health Organization, complications in pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death among adolescent girls in developing countries. Specifically, in Latin America, girls who give birth before the age of 16 are four times more likely to die during childbirth than women in their 20s.

And yet politicians around the globe — including in Paraguay and the United States — have shut their eyes to common sense and public health by continuing to ban and criminalize abortion, even abortion in cases of rape or incest. Children should not be forced into motherhood and doctors should not be kept from providing life-saving care just because of political hurdles.

And in instances like the 10-year-old girl currently pregnant in Paraguay, government officials shouldn’t be able to act counter to the spirit of the law and put young girls in serious danger because of political whims or extreme beliefs.

That’s why a broad spectrum of human rights and international advocacy organizations are calling on the Paraguayan minister of public health and wellbeing, Dr. Antonio Barrios, to immediately intervene and grant the girl access to safe abortion services. By doing that, Dr. Barrios would be upholding Paraguayan law and following the advice of leading international medical authorities — and, potentially, saving the life of a very real girl who has already survived more trauma than a child of her age should ever be forced to encounter.

Sanger is the former President of Planned Parenthood of New York City and the current chair of the International Planned Parenthood Council. His grandmother was Margaret Sanger, who founded the birth control movement over 80 years ago.

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